4f electron charge distribution

Multipole Moments

rare-earth ion electron clouds & crystal field interactions


 
Wireframe Model
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Charge Distribution (3D)
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High electron density
 
Low electron density
 
Crystal Field Parameter A₂⁰: −1.00
← attractive along zrepulsive along z →
Combined View: Field + Interaction
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Crystal field potential
 
Interaction energy
 
Easy axis / plane
Analysis
 
 
 
 
 
More electrons
 
Fewer electrons